1.Kutheniilinenuziva upholile?
I-Linen ibonakaliswe ngokuchukumisa okupholileyo, inokunciphisa ubuninzi bokubila, iintsuku ezishushu zinxibe ikotoni ecocekileyo, i-sweat yi-1.5 amaxesha elinen. Ukuba unelinen ejikeleze kuwe kwaye uyisongele entendeni yakho, uya kufumanisa ukuba ilinen esandleni sakho ihlala ipholile kwaye ayishushu. Zama umqhaphu omnye. Kuya kuba shushu emva kwexeshana.
Ilinenkupholile ukunxiba ehlotyeni kuba yeyona fibre yendalo kunye nehygroscopic.
Iflakisi luhlobo lwemifuno, iflakisi engamakhulu eentlobo zezityalo, ishishini lelaphu kukusetyenziswa kwefiber iflakisi, ukukhula kwemozulu ebandayo, i-diameter yentonga ibhityile yokutyala, ubude buhlala buphakathi kwe-1 ~ 1.2 yeemitha, i-diameter yentonga idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-1 ~ 2cm.
Iflakisi kumjikelo wokukhula weentsuku ezingama-30-40, rhoqo nge-1kg yokukhula kweflakisi, ukubonelela nge-470kg yamanzi, ngoko ke iflaksi ngokwendalo inokufunxeka okuqinileyo kunye nomthamo wokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
Ngaphantsi kwe-electron microscope, i-fiber ye-flax ibonakala njenge-bamboo engenanto, esi sakhiwo singenanto se-fiber ye-flax, inommandla omkhulu ongaphezulu, ukuze i-flax fiber ibe neempawu ezinamandla ze-hygroscopic kunye ne-hygroscopic. Iflakisi inokufunxa ukuya kutsho kuma-20 ubunzima bayo bamanzi, iflakisi inokufunxa i-20% yobunzima bayo bamanzi, kwaye igcine imvakalelo eyomileyo.
Kungenxa yeempawu eziqinileyo ze-hygroscopic kunye ne-hygroscopic yelinen enxibe iimpahla zelinen okanye amashiti elinen ehlobo ehlotyeni avelisa i-capillary phenomenon xa edibana nolusu, kwaye ukubila komntu kunye nomphunga wamanzi ufunxwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqhutywa yimicu yelinen, okwenza umntu abe mnyama. umzimba uziva ukwehla kobushushu kwaye ulusu luhlala lomile. Yiyo loo nto iflakisi ivakala ipholile.
2.Kutheni ilinen ingenawo umbane omileyo?
Iflakisi, ihempe, iflakisi kunye nezinye iintsinga ze-hemp phantse azinambane ongatshintshiyo. Ukufuma okuqhelekileyo kokufunyanwa kwakhona kweflakisi (enokuthi iqondwe ngokulula njengomthamo wamanzi kwimicu yeflakisi) yi-12%, engaphezulu kwimicu yezityalo zendalo. Idityaniswe nesakhiwo esingenanto seflakisi, inepropathi eyomeleleyo yehygroscopic, ngoko ke ibhalansi yentlawulo entle kunye nengalunganga yefibre yeflakisi ayivelisi umbane ongatshintshiyo.
Inzuzo yokungavelisi umbane we-static kukuba iingubo zelinen aziyi kufutshane ngenxa yombane we-static, kwaye akulula ukufunxa uthuli kunye nezinye i-microorganisms kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwimpahla, ilinen yilaphu elilaphu elibalaseleyo lasekhaya, nokuba lilaphu lokulala, ikhethini, okanye iisofa, zinokugcinwa zicocekile ixesha elide kwaye zinciphise ukucocwa rhoqo. Kwiimpahla eziqhelekileyo, imfuno ephambili yokubandakanya i-10% yelinen, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umbane we-static.
3.Kutheni ilinen ilungile kukhuseleko lwe-UV?
(1)Flax fiber, equlathe UV-efunxa hemicellulose.
(2) Umphezulu wosinga lweflakisi unokukhanya kwendalo kwaye unokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuthile.
Ushishino lwamalaphu ludinga i-cellulose kwimicu yezityalo. Iflakisi yahlukile kumqhaphu, osisiqhamo kunye nenxalenye yayo ephambili yicellulose, enobumdaka obumbalwa.
Ifiber yeflakisi, kwelinye icala, yintsinga ye-bast evela kwisiqu seflakisi. Ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokucutshungulwa, i-fiber ye-flax inokufumaneka inxalenye encinci. Ihektare (100 yehektare) yomhlaba inokuvelisa iikhilogram ezingama-6,000 zeflakisi ekrwada, emva kokubetha i-hemp - ikama, inokuvelisa iikhilogram ezingama-500 kwiflakisi emfutshane, iikhilogram ezingama-300 zibe yiflakisi emfutshane, iflakisi ende yefiber 600 yeekhilogram.
Kwifiber yefilakisi, umxholo we-cellulose ungama-70 ukuya kuma-80% kuphela, kwaye umxholo oseleyo (i-linolenin symbiosis) uthi:
(1)I-Hemicellulose: 8% ~ 11%
(2) Lignin: 0.8%~7%
(3) Iwax ewumlambo: 2% ~4%
(4) Pectin: 0.4% ~4.5%
(5) Amachiza enitrogen: 0.4%~0.7%
(6) Umxholo wothuthu: 0.5%~ 3%
Ngapha koko, uninzi lweempawu zefibre yeflakisi, njengokuziva okurhabaxa, ukukhuselwa kwe-UV, ukulahleka kweenwele, kungenxa yezi colloid.
Ifiber yeFlakisi, equlethe i-8% ~ 11% ye-hemicellulose, la malungu e-hemicellulose anzima kakhulu, ahlanganiswe ne-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, i-arabinose, i-rhamnoose kunye nezinye i-copolymers, ngoku inkqubo ayikwazi ukususwa ngokupheleleyo. yehemicellulose enika iflakisi ukhuseleko olugqwesileyo lwe-UV.
4.Kutheni iflakisi ivakala irhabaxa, irhabaxa, kwaye kungekho lula ukuyidaya?
Ngenxa yokuba iflakisi ine-lignin. I-Lignin lelinye lamacandelo odonga lweseli yeflakisi, ikakhulu ekhoyo kwi-xylem kunye ne-phloem yezicubu ze-flax stem, kwaye idlala indima exhasayo kwiflakisi. Ukukwazi ukumelana neziphumo ezithile zoomatshini.
I-lignin kwifiber yefilakisi ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokucutshungulwa, umxholo we-lignin umalunga ne-2.5% ~ 5% emva kwe-degum, kwaye umxholo we-lignin umalunga ne-2.88% emva kokucutshungulwa kwi-flax ekrwada, kunye nobuncinci bomgangatho ophezulu weflakisi. inokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1%.
I-Flax lignin, i-hemicellulose, ngokufutshane, ukongeza kuwo onke amacandelo e-cellulose, ngokudibeneyo abizwa ngokuba yi-gum. Iintsinga zeflakisi, ngaphezu kwe-lignin gum, nazo zichaphazela ukuvakalelwa kweflakisi.
Kungenxa kanye yobukho be-lignin kunye nentlaka, ngoko ke ukuvakala kweflakisi kurhabaxa, inkunkqele, iphakamile noko, ayinwenwanga kakuhle, kwaye irhawuzelelwa.
Kukwangenxa yobukho bentlaka, icrystallinity yeflax iphezulu, ulungelelwaniso lwemolekyuli luqinile kwaye luzinzile, alunakutshatyalaliswa ngokudaya izongezo, ngoko ke iflakisi yefibre akulula ukuyidaya, kwaye umbala okhawulezayo emva kokudaywa awukho mgangathweni. . Yingakho iilinen ezininzi zenziwe ngelinen.
Ukuba ufuna ukwenzailinenukudaya ngcono, kwelinye icala kukwenza unyango olulungileyo lwe-degumming, emva kokudaya kwelinen ecikizekileyo ezimbini kuya kuba ngcono. Emva koko ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda egxininisiweyo, ukutshabalalisa i-crystallization yeflakisi, i-crystallinity ye-flax yendalo ye-70%, emva konyango olugxininisiweyo lwe-alkali luyancipha ukuya kwi-50 ~ 60%, lunokuphucula isiphumo sokudaya seflakisi. Ngamafutshane, ukuba udibana neempahla zelinen ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, kufuneka ibe yimpahla ephezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ixabiso aliyi kuba lincinci.
5.Kutheni ilinen ishwabene ngokulula?
(1) Ifiber enokomelela kakuhle akukho lula ukuyikhubaza kunye nokushwabana. Iintsinga zezilwanyana, ezifana nomqhaphu, i-Modal kunye noboya, zizakhiwo zefiber ezigobileyo kwaye zinokunyamezela okuthile kwi-deformation.
(2) Amalaphu anithiweyo anesithuba esikhulu ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ukomelela kwe-deformation kunamandla ngokwentelekiso.
Kodwa le nto yeflakisi, "i-bamboo engenanto" yentsimbi ethe tye yesakhiwo sendoda, nayo ine-lignin kunye nenye i-colloid, ngoko ke i-fiber ye-flax ayilastiki, ayinako ukuguquguquka kokuqina. Ilaphu lelinen lilukiwe kakhulu, kwaye ubume belaphu alibuyisi ukuqina. Ngoko ke, ukugotywa kweflakisi kufana nokuqhekeza intonga encinci, engenakubuyiselwa.
Ekubeni ilinen inemibimbi, eqinisweni, xa ugqoke iingubo zelinen, awukwazi ukuthatha umphumo wekotoni, uboya, isilika njengesalathisi.
Kufuneka iqulunqwe kwaye inqunywe kunye neempawu zelinen, kwiifilimu zengubo zaseYurophu naseMelika, izambatho ezibonakalayo zisekelwe kakhulu kwilinen, unokunikela ingqalelo kwisitayile osithandayo xa ubona ifilimu, iingubo ezininzi zelinen zisekho kakhulu. ubukeka kakuhle.
Ngoku kukwakho nelinen ecikizekileyo enesiphelo esiphezulu, emva kwedegumming ezimbini, i-lignin kunye nolawulo lweentsini kuluhlu oluncinci, unyango lwelinen yelinen ifayibha ibe kufutshane neempawu zomqhaphu womqhaphu, emva koko umqhaphu, ukungunda kunye nezinye ezidityaniswe kwiilaphu ezinithiweyo. Ilaphu lelinen ekumgangatho ophezulu isombulula ingxaki yokushwabana yelinen, kodwa olu hlobo lweemveliso lusembalwa kakhulu, ixabiso libiza kakhulu kune-cashmere kunye nesilika, okwangoku akusiyo into eqhelekileyo, Kulindeleke ukuba isasazwe kwixesha elizayo.
6.Kutheni ezinye iipilisi zeflakisi ziphalaza ngokulula?
Kuba imicu yeflakisi mifutshane kakhulu. Umsonto welaphu, obhityileyo kwaye omde kuphela, unokusonta umsonto ocolekileyo wobalo oluphezulu, umsonto onenani eliphezulu ukuncipha kweenwele, akulula ukuwusebenzisa.
Ifiber yemveli yeflakisi isebenzisa indlela emanzi yokusonta, iflaksi ifayibha isikwe kubude obumalunga ne-20mm, ngelixa umqhaphu, uboya, ivelvethi njalo njalo ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-30mm, xa kuthelekiswa nefibre yeflakisi imfutshane kakhulu, kulula ukuyifaka iinwele. Kukwakho ne-16mm yefiber emfutshane kwifibre yeflakisi, kwaye ukupila ngokuqinisekileyo kunzulu ngakumbi.
Ngenkqubela phambili yenkqubo, ngoku kukho necotton hemp fiber (linseed cotton), kunye neflakisi ecolekileyo. Inkqubo yesibini ye-degumming ye-fiber ye-flax icutshungulwa ibe yi-30 ~ 40mm ifayibha, ekufutshane neempawu zomqhaphu, uboya kunye ne-cashmere, kwaye inokudityaniswa kunye nokunithwa. Ke kukho umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho kunye nomahluko omkhulu kwixabiso phakathi kweflakisi kunye neflakisi.
7.Ingaba ioli yeflakisi ivela kwiflakisi?
Hayi uhlobo olufanayo lweflakisi, iflakisi yimifuno, kukho amakhulu eentlobo zeflakisi, ezahlulwe ngokusetyenziswa:
(1) Iflakisi yosinga: ikhula kwindawo ebandayo
(2) Iflakisi yeoli: ikhula kwiindawo ezitshisayo
(3) I-oyile kunye nefibre iflakisi: ukukhula kwiindawo ezipholileyo nezisezantsi
Kwilizwe lethu, iflaksi yefibre ibizwa ngokuba yi "flax", kwaye ioyile eneoyile kunye nefiber ibizwa ngokuba yi "flax", imbewu yeflakisi inokwenza ioli yeflakisi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-oyile yeflakisi. Iflakisi yeoli ehlabathini yindawo yesibini enkulu yokuvelisa iflaksi, imveliso ikwindawo yesibini emva kweCanada, iflaksi ikhula ikakhulu kumntla-ntshona weTshayina, neyona mveliso iphezulu kwi-Inner Mongolia.
Ifayibha ilinen kunye nelinen yeoli zombini zizixhobo ekrwada zokuluka ilinen, ukwenza iimpahla zelinen kunye nelinen yokulala esiyifunayo. Phakathi kwabo, iflaksi yefiber etyalwe kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-subfrigid, isivuno kunye nomgangatho ungcono, iindawo eziphambili zokuvelisa zezi: iFransi, iNetherlands, iBelgium, kunye nommandla we-Heilongjiang waseTshayina, ukuveliswa kweflakisi yelaphu kule mimandla, kubalwa malunga ne-10. Ipesenti yemveliso yeflakisi iyonke yehlabathi. Ngoko ke, iflakisi elinywa ehlabathini isavelisa ioli ubukhulu becala, yaye ukutya kubaluleke ngaphezu kokunxiba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-26-2024
