1. Kutheni le ntoilinenuzive upholile?
Ilineni ibonakaliswa kukuchukumisa okupholileyo, inganciphisa ukubila, xa unxiba ikotoni ecocekileyo ngeentsuku ezishushu, ukubila kuphindwe kayi-1.5 kunelineni. Ukuba unelineni ejikeleze wena uze uyisonge esandleni sakho, uya kufumanisa ukuba ilineni esesandleni sakho isoloko ipholile kwaye ayitshisi. Zama eyokotoni. Iya kutshisa emva kwexesha elithile.
IlineniKupholile ukunxiba ehlotyeni kuba yeyona fiber yendalo ithambileyo nethambileyo.
Iflakisi luhlobo lwemifuno, iflakisi ifumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ezininzi, ishishini lempahla lisebenzisa iflakisi yefayibha, ukukhula kwemozulu ebanda kakhulu, ububanzi bentonga buncinci kwaye buxineneyo, ukuphakama kuhlala kuphakathi kwe-1 ~ 1.2 yeemitha, ububanzi bentonga buhlala buphakathi kwe-1 ~ 2cm.
Iflakisi kumjikelo wokukhula weentsuku ezingama-30-40, rhoqo nge-1kg yokukhula kweflakisi, ukuze inike i-470kg yamanzi, ngoko ke iflakisi ngokwendalo inomthamo omkhulu wokufunxa umswakama kunye nokuhambisa amanzi.
Phantsi kwe-electron microscope, i-flax fiber ibukeka njenge-bamboo engenanto, esi sakhiwo singenanto se-flax fiber, sinendawo enkulu yomphezulu, kangangokuba i-flax fiber ineempawu ezinamandla ze-hygroscopic kunye ne-hygroscopic. I-flax inokufunxa ukuya kuthi ga kubunzima bayo bamanzi obuphindwe kangangama-20, i-flax inokufunxa i-20% yobunzima bayo bamanzi, kwaye isagcina imvakalelo yokomisa.
Kungenxa yeempawu ezinamandla zelinen ezithambileyo nezithambileyo, ukunxiba impahla yelinen okanye amashiti okulala ehlotyeni kuvelisa i-capillary phenomenon xa idibana nolusu, kwaye ukubila komntu kunye nomphunga wamanzi zifunxwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziqhutywa yimicu yelinen, okwenza umzimba womntu uve ukwehla kobushushu kwaye ulusu luhlale lomile. Yiyo loo nto iflax ivakala ipholile.
2.Kutheni ilineni ingenawo umbane ongashukumiyo?
Iflakisi, ihemp, iflakisi kunye nezinye iifayibha zehemp azinawo umbane ongashukumiyo. Ukufunyanwa komswakama okuqhelekileyo kweflakisi (okunokuqondwa ngokulula njengomxholo wamanzi kwiifayibha zeflakisi) yi-12%, ephezulu kwiifayibha zezityalo zendalo. Xa idibene nesakhiwo esingenanto seflakisi, ineempawu ezinamandla ze-hygroscopic, ngoko ke ibhalansi yetshaja elungileyo nengalunganga yefayibha yeflakisi ayivelisi umbane ongashukumiyo.
Inzuzo yokungavelisi umbane ongashukumiyo kukuba iimpahla zelinen aziyi kusondela ngenxa yombane ongashukumiyo, kwaye akulula ukufunxa uthuli nezinye iintsholongwane kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwimpahla, ilinen lilaphu elihle kakhulu lelaphu lasekhaya, nokuba ziibhedi, amakhethini, okanye izigqubuthelo zesofa, linokugcinwa licocekile ixesha elide kwaye linciphise ukucocwa rhoqo. Kwimpahla eqhelekileyo, eyona mfuneko iphambili kukubandakanya ilinen ye-10%, enokuthintela ngempumelelo umbane ongashukumiyo.
3. Kutheni ilinen ilungile ekukhuseleni i-UV?
(1) Ifayibha yeflakisi, equlethe i-hemicellulose efunxa i-UV.
(2) Umphezulu wefayibha yeflakisi unokukhanya kwendalo kwaye unokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuthile.
Ishishini lempahla lifuna i-cellulose kwiifayibha zezityalo. I-flax yahlukile kumqhaphu, osisiqhamo kwaye eyona nto iphambili yi-cellulose, enezinto ezimbalwa ezingcolisayo.
Kwelinye icala, i-flax fiber yi-bast fiber evela kwisiqu se-flax. Ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweenkqubo, i-flax fiber ingafunyanwa yinxalenye encinci. Ihektare (iihektare ezili-100) yomhlaba ingavelisa iikhilogram ezingama-6,000 ze-flax materials, emva kokubetha i-hemp - i-comb, ingavelisa iikhilogram ezingama-500 kwi-short flax, iikhilogram ezingama-300 kwi-short flax, i-flax long fiber ezingama-600.
Kwi-flax fiber, umxholo we-cellulose yi-70 ukuya kwi-80% kuphela, kwaye umxholo oseleyo we-gum (i-linolenin symbiosis) ngu:
(1) I-Hemicellulose: 8%~11%
(2) I-Lignin: 0.8%~7%
(3) I-lipid wax: 2%~4%
(4) I-Pectin: 0.4%~4.5%
(5) Izinto zenitrogen: 0.4%~0.7%
(6) Umxholo wothuthu: 0.5%~ 3%
Enyanisweni, iimpawu ezininzi zefayibha yeflakisi, ezifana nokuziva okurhabaxa, ukukhuselwa yi-UV, ukulahleka kweenwele, zibangelwa zezi colloid.
I-flax fiber, equlethe i-8% ~ 11% ye-hemicellulose, ezi nxalenye ze-hemicellulose zintsonkothile kakhulu, zenziwe yi-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, i-rabinose, i-rhamnoose kunye nezinye ii-copolymers, ngoku le nkqubo ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nokuba khona kwe-hemicellulose okunika i-flax ukhuseleko oluhle kakhulu lwe-UV.
4. Kutheni iflakisi ivakala ngathi irhabaxa, irhabaxa kancinci, kwaye kulula ukuyidaya?
Kuba iflakisi ine-lignin. I-Lignin yenye yezinto eziyinxalenye yodonga lweseli yeflakisi, ifumaneka ikakhulu kwizicubu ze-xylem kunye ne-phloem zesiqu seflakisi, kwaye idlala indima exhasayo kwiflakisi. Amandla okumelana nemiphumo ethile yoomatshini.
I-lignin kwifayibha yeflakisi ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokucubungula, umxholo we-lignin umalunga ne-2.5% ~ 5% emva kokucoca i-degum, kwaye umxholo we-lignin umalunga ne-2.88% emva kokucubungula ibe yintambo yeflakisi eluhlaza, kwaye ubuncinci beflakisi entle yezinga eliphezulu bunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1%.
I-flax lignin, i-hemicellulose, ngamafutshane, ukongeza kuzo zonke izinto ze-cellulose, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-gum. Iifayibha ze-flax, ukongeza kwi-lignin gum, zikwachaphazela indlela ezivakala ngayo i-flax.
Kungenxa yokuba kukho i-lignin kunye ne-gum, ngoko ke imvakalelo yeflakisi irhabaxa, iyaphuka, iphezulu, ayithambeki kakuhle, kwaye iyarhawuzelela.
Kungenxa yokuba kukho i-gum, i-crystallinity ye-flax fiber iphezulu, ulungelelwaniso lwee-molecular luqinile kwaye luzinzile, alunakutshatyalaliswa zizinto ezongeziweyo zokudaya, ngoko ke i-flax fiber ayilula ukuyidaya, kwaye umbala awukhawulezi emva kokudaya awukho semgangathweni. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lweelinen zenziwe ngelinen.
Ukuba ufuna ukwenzailinenUkudaya ngcono, kwelinye icala kukwenza unyango oluhle lokudaya, emva kokudaya kabini ilinen entle kuya kuba ngcono. Emva koko ukusetyenziswa kwe-caustic soda egxininisiweyo, kutshabalalise i-crystallization yeflakisi, i-crystallinity yendalo yeflakisi yi-70%, emva konyango lwe-alkali egxininisiweyo incitshiswe ukuya kwi-50 ~ 60%, kunokuphucula isiphumo sokudaya kweflakisi. Ngamafutshane, ukuba udibana neempahla zelinen ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, kufuneka zibe ziimpahla eziphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ixabiso aliyi kuba lixabiso eliphantsi.
5. Kutheni ilinen ishwabana lula?
(1) Ifayibha enokuqina okuhle akulula ukuyiguqula nokushwabana. Iifayibha zezilwanyana, ezifana nomqhaphu, iModal kunye noboya, zizakhiwo zefayibha ezigobileyo kwaye zinokuqina okuthile ekuguqukeni.
(2) Amalaphu athungiweyo anesakhiwo esikhulu sesithuba, kwaye ukuqina kokuguquguquka kunamandla kakhulu.
Kodwa le nto yeflakisi, isakhiwo sendoda esithe nkqo sentsimbi "esingenanto", ikwanayo ne-lignin kunye nezinye izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-colloid, ngoko ke ifayibha yeflakisi ayinwebeki, ayinakukwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka. Ilaphu lelineni nalo lilukiwe kakhulu, kwaye isakhiwo selaphu asibuyiseli ukunwebeka. Ngoko ke, ukugoba kweflakisi kufana nokuqhekeza intonga encinci, engenakubuyiselwa.
Ekubeni ilinen inemibimbi, eneneni, xa unxibe impahla yelinen, awunakuthatha isiphumo sekotoni, uboya, isilika njengesalathiso.
Ifanele ukuba iyilwe kwaye isikwe ngeempawu zelinen, kwiifilimu zaseYurophu naseMelika, impahla evelayo isekelwe kakhulu kwilinen, ungaqwalasela isitayile osithandayo xa ubukela ifilimu, iimpahla ezininzi zelinen zisabukeka kakuhle.
Ngoku kukwakho nelinen entle ekumgangatho ophezulu, emva kokususwa kwegum ezimbini, i-lignin kunye nolawulo lweentsini kuluhlu oluncinci, unyango lwelinen fiber lube kufutshane neempawu zefayibha yekotoni, emva koko i-cotton, i-mold kunye nezinye zixutywe kwilaphu elilukiweyo, eli laphu lelinen ephezulu lisombulula ingxaki yokushwabana kwelinen, kodwa olu hlobo lweemveliso lusancinci kakhulu, ixabiso libiza kakhulu kune-cashmere kunye nesilika, umbane awuqhelekanga, kulindeleke ukuba uthandwe kwixesha elizayo.
6. Kutheni abanye abantu bekhupha iflakisi baze bayikhuphe lula?
Kuba imicu yeflakisi imfutshane kakhulu. Imicu yelaphu, ebhityileyo nende kuphela, inokujikeleza umgca wemicu ocolekileyo onenani eliphezulu, imicu ebuninzi inenani elincinci leenwele, kwaye kulula ukuyicola.
Ifayibha yeflakisi yendabuko isebenzisa indlela yokusonta emanzi, ifayibha yeflakisi isikwa ibe bubude obumalunga ne-20mm, ngelixa umqhaphu, uboya, ivelvet njalo njalo zihlala zimalunga ne-30mm, xa kuthelekiswa nefayibha yeflakisi imfutshane kakhulu, kulula ukuyilungisa iinwele. Kukwakho nefayibha emfutshane eyi-16mm kwifayibha yeflakisi, kwaye ukuyilungisa ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinto enzima ngakumbi.
Njengoko le nkqubo iqhubeka, ngoku kukho nefayibha ye-cotton hemp (i-linseed cotton), kunye ne-fine flax. Inkqubo yesibini yokususa i-flax fiber icutshungulwa ibe yifayibha engama-30 ~ 40mm, esondele kwiimpawu zefayibha, uboya kunye ne-cashmere, kwaye ingaxutywa kwaye ilukwe. Ngoko ke kukho umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho kunye nomahluko omkhulu kwixabiso phakathi kwefayibha kunye ne-flax.
7. Ingaba ioyile yembewu yeflakisi ivela kwiflakisi?
Ayilohlobo olufanayo lweflakisi, iflakisi sisichumiso, kukho amakhulu eentlobo zeflakisi, ezahlulwe ngokusetyenziswa:
(1) Iflakisi yefayibha yelaphu: ikhula kwindawo ebanda kakhulu
(2) Iflakisi yeoyile: ikhula kwiindawo ezishushu
(3) I-oyile kunye nefayibha flax: ikhula kwiindawo ezishushu nezifudumeleyo
Kwilizwe lethu, i-fiber flax ibizwa ngokuba yi-"flax", kwaye ioyile eneoyile kunye ne-fiber ibizwa ngokuba yi-"flax", imbewu ye-flax inokwenza ioyile ye-flax, eyaziwa ngokuba yioyile yembewu ye-flax. I-oyile flax ehlabathini yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni evelisa i-flax, imveliso ilandela iKhanada kuphela, i-flax ikhula kakhulu kumantla-ntshona eTshayina, kunye nemveliso ephezulu kwi-Inner Mongolia.
Ilinen yefayibha kunye nelinen yeoyile zombini zizinto zokwenza ilaphu, ukwenza iimpahla zelinen kunye neebhedi zelinen esizidingayo. Phakathi kwazo, ilaphu yefayibha etyalwe kwindawo engaphantsi kwemozulu, isivuno kunye nomgangatho zingcono, iindawo eziphambili ezivelisayo zezi: iFransi, iNetherlands, iBelgium, kunye nommandla waseTshayina waseHeilongjiang, imveliso yelaphu lelaphu kwezi ndawo, ebalelwa malunga ne-10% yemveliso iyonke yelaphu yehlabathi. Ke ngoko, ilaphu ekhuliswe kwihlabathi isavelisa ioyile kakhulu, kwaye ukutya kubaluleke ngaphezu kokunxiba.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-26-2024
