I-Dye yokudaya kunye nokugqiba kwenkqubo (1)

Ukukhethwa kwe-Dye yokudaya kunye nokugqitha ikakhulu kusekwe ikakhulu kwiindidi, iinkcazo kunye neemfuno zemveliso ezigqityiweyo zelaphu, elinokwahlulwa kunyango lwaphambi konyango,iDyeing, ukushicilela, ukugqiba emva kokugqiba kwayo.

Phambili

Iintsinga zendalo ziqulethe ukungcola, kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-lelecle kwaye yongeza ubumdaka, ioyile kunye nokungcola, ukungabi nathintela inkqubela phambili yokudakumba kunye nokugqitywa kokusebenza kwelaphu.

Injongo yonyango kwangaphambili kukusebenzisa isenzo sekhemikhali kunye nokususwa kwemali kwilaphu, senze ilaphu emhlophe, ithambile, kwaye ibonelele ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo zokudakumba, ukushicilela kunye nokugqibezela.

Umqhaphu: Ukulungiswa kwelaphu eliluhlaza, ukucula, ukuchitha, ukubilisa, ukugqobhoza, ukubuza. I-polyester: Ukulungiselela ilaphu, isulungelwe (i-alkali yolwelo, njl njl), i-pinkring, i-Alkali Deweiling (iAlkali, njl.njl.).

Ukucula

Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokungena kumzi-mveliso wokushicilela kunye nokudayela umzi-mveliso, ilaphu elingwevu kufuneka lihlolwe kuqala, lijijekile, liprinta, emva koko laculwa.

Izizathu:

(1) kwilaphu alithethi kakhulu, ubude bahlukeneyo;

(2) Iqondo lokugqiba lihlwempuzekile, lingcoliseko lula;

(3) Kwindlela yokudibana

Injongo yokuNgena

(1) Ukuphuculwa kwelaphu; Phucula ukugqiba;

(2) ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kwepilisi (ngakumbi ilaphu yefayili yefilimic);

.

Ukubeka

Kwinkqubo yokuluka, i-warp iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noxinzelelo, ekulula ukwaphula. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukwaphula i-warp, ukuphucula ukwela ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wendwangu engwevu, kuyimfuneko ukusayina i-warn yarn ngaphambi kokuluka. I-fiber kwi-sarn inamathela kwaye ibambe kunye, kwaye iyifilimu yesilayidi esiqinileyo phezu komsonto, esenza umtya oqinileyo kwaye ugudileyo, ngenxa yoko ukuphucula umsonto.

Ukuchitha injongo: Emva kokubhomboloza, ukungena kwi-furry kwi-fibers kwaye kunamathela kwinxalenye yemfazwe. Ngelixa ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo yeyarn, i-slurry ingcolisa idayithi kunye nokugqiba ulwelo phakathi kweentsika phakathi kweentsinga kunye nezokudaya, kwaye iyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuqhuba idayi kunye nokugqiba ukuqhubekeka.

(1) Intshayelelo kwi-slidery eqhelekileyo

Isilayidi sendalo: isitatshi, i-gum eselwandle, i-gum, njl.

Iipropathi zesitatshi:

Kwimeko yokungalungisi i-acid;

Kwimeko yozinzo lwe-alkali, ukudumba;

Kwimeko ye-oxidants inokuhlukunyezwa;

④ nge-starchme yokuphononongwa kwe-enzymme.

Isilayidi sekhemikhali: I-Sleculatives ye-cleydroxymethylcelose (CMC), iPolyvinyl Budy (PVA), i-POLISTRY ACD, iPolyester, njl.

IiPropati zePDA:

① uzinzile kwi-acid kunye nesiseko, i-viscofity ayilinciphisi;

② Ichithwe yi-oxidant.;

Ukufaka isicelo ngokubanzi, ukuhambelana okuhle, akukho mpendulo idibeneyo

(2) Iindlela zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo

1. I-Alkaline

Enye yeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kakhulu kwizityalo zokudaya zasekhaya, kodwa ireyithi yokuhamba ayiphezulu, kwaye ezinye izinto zokungcola zinokususwa ngelixa zidiniwe.

Umatshini: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide i-chilute i-chilch unyango, okanye ukudumba kwe-Alkali, ukuze uchitheke kwi-gener, ukuze unciphise amandla okuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa amandla okuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ukuze uyisuse. Nge-PVA kunye ne-pollycrylates yokutyibilika, iyakwazi ukunyibilikisa i-sodium hydroxide kwi-dilute yezisombululo.

(isitatshi) i-enzyme

I-enzymes ibizwa ngokuba yi-enzymes, i-biobhatalys.

Iimpawu: Ireyithi egudileyo, engapheliyo yefayibha, kuphela kwisitatshi, ayinakususa ukungcola.

Iimpawu: a. Ukusebenza kakuhle. b. Ukuthetha: I-enzyme inokuthi ikhathazeke kuphela okanye nokuba yindlela ethile. c. Umsebenzi uchaphazeleka yiqondo lobushushu kunye nexabiso le-p.

Ngesitayile esiswini okanye isitatshi esixubeneyo (umxholo wesitatshi unamandla), i-amylase inokusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa.

Ukuzipha

Isicelo sasekhaya asininzi, kuba ukusetyenziswa kulula ukonakalisa ifayibha, kudityaniswe nezinye iindlela. Le ndlela yamanyathelo mabini yamkelwe: Alkali yokungasebenzi-icid. I-Acid Hing inokwenza isitatshi se-starch fhydrolyze, sisuse ityiwa yezimbiwa kunye nokunye, kwaye senze omnye komnye ..

Ukuhamba kwe-oxidation

Iarhente ye-oxidiching: I-Nabro2 (Sodium Bromite) H2O2, Na2s2o8, (NH4) 2s2), njl.

Umgaqo: Iarhente ye-oxidiching inokuhlawula i-oxiving kwaye inciphise zonke iintlobo ze-surry, ubunzima bayo buncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye i-vissobity incitshisiwe ukuba inamathele kwifayibha, kwaye emva koko i-hydrolyzate isuswe kukuhlamba ngokufanelekileyo.

(1) Ukubila

Injongo yokubila kukususa ukungcola kwe-fiber kwaye kuphuculwe iipropathi zokulungisa zelaphu, ngakumbi inkohliso.

Ukungcola kwendalo: Kwimilaphu ecocekileyo yekotoni, ubukhulu becala i-fiber consms okanye izinto ezinxulumene noko, kubandakanya ioyile, iproteyini, i-piglomed yeqokobhe.

Ukungcola kwe-AFTATITATITER: Ukungcola ezinjengeoyile, i-antistatic arhente kunye neoyile, i-oyile kunye ne-slidry ye-slidry yongezwa kwi-spinning kunye nokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo.

Ezi zinto zigwenxa zichaphazela kakhulu i-fatric kwaye zithintele ukudaya kunye nokugqitywa kwelaphu, kwaye kufuneka zisuswe kwilaphu, kwaye kufuneka zisuswe kwinkqubo yokutsala kunye ne-sodium hydroxide njengeziimpawu eziphakathi kunye ne-sundocapecants njengomncedisi.

(2) i-bleaching

Emva kokubila, uninzi lwendalo kunye nokungcola kwendalo kwiilaphuziyasuswa, kodwa zezaphulelo ezibhalwe phantsi kwaye zikhanyayo, i-bleach iyafuneka. Oko kukususa i-pigment, ukuphucula ubumhlophe njengeyona njongo iphambili yokuqhumisa.

Ifayibha yekhemikhali ayinayo i-pigment, emva kokuba ibiliti ibe mhlophe kakhulu, kwaye i-fiber ye-fiben emva kokufumana i-pigment, i-Whiten ihlwempu, ke i-bless ihlwempuzeke kakhulu kwi-cotton fiber.

(3) I-bleach

Uhlobo lwe-oxidation: I-Sodium Hypochlorite, i-hydrogen peroxide nesodium chloite, njl njl.

Ukuncitshiswa: i-nahso3 kunye ne-inshurensi yomgubo, njl njl.

(4) I-Sodium Hypochlorite i-Bleaching

I-Sodium Hypochlorite isetyenziselwa kakhulu i-Bleaching Potton I-Botton kunye ne-Cotton edityanisiweyo i-cotton, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukubhengeza i-polyester cotton evele i-polyester edityanisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakusetyenziselwa ukubopha iintsinga ezifana neprotheni ezinje ngesilika kunye noboya, kuba i-sodium, i-sodium hypoctlorite inefuthe leprotheni, kwaye yenza umthubi otyheli kunye nomonakalo. Kwinkqubo yokuqhula, ukongeza ekutshatyalalisweni kwee-pigment zendalo, ifayiwe yeCotton iya yonakele, ke, kuyimfuneko ukulawula iimeko eziphahlayo, ukuze umgangatho wokubonakala uyenze.

I-Sodium Hypochlorite ilula ukwenza, iindleko eziphantsi, i-sodium hypochloitar ukusebenza ilula, kodwa nge-Sodium Hypochlori Grachide ye-Hydrogen Peroxide.

(5) I-Hydrogen Poroxide Bleaching H2O2:

I-Hydrogen Peroxide, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen peroxide, inefomula yemolekyuli yemolekyuli h2o2. I-Hydrogen Peroxide ibizwa ngokuba yi-oxygen bleach. Uzinzo lwe-Hydrogen Peroxide ihlwempu kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ze-ALKALIIN. Ngenxa yoko, i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen peroxide ingenabuthathaka i-acidic.

I-Hydrogen idityaniswe ne-hydrogen peroxide inobumnyama obuhle, umbala ococekileyo, kwaye akukho lula ukuqaqanjelwa xa kugcinwe. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwilaphu lekotoni. I-oxygen braiching inezingcolongo ezinkulu kune-chlorine i-ralocker, kodwa i-Hydrogen iphakamile kune-sodium hypochloite ixabiso, kwaye i-oxygen bleachic ifuna ukuba izixhobo zentsimbi ezingenasitali, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ziphezulu kune-chlorine rachine.

Okwangoku, indlela evulekileyo ye-Steames Steames isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiifektri zokuprinta kunye nedayi. Le ndlela inamanqanaba aphezulu okuqhubeka, ezenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza ngokufezekileyo, inkqubo elula ukuhamba kwaye ayivelisi ungcoliseko lwendalo.

I-5. I-Mercrict (ilaphu lomqhaphu)

Izibalo phantsi kwemeko ethile yokuxinana, ngoncedo lwesoda igxile kwi-caustic, kwaye igcine ubungakanani obufunekayo, inokufumana i-silky luster, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumxube.

(1) Injongo yoMthengi:

A.Imfesane lomhlaba jikelele kwaye uzive ngelaphu, ngenxa yokudumba kwefayibha, ulungiselelo lwefayire lucwangcise ngakumbi, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kuqhelekile, ngaloo ndlela kuphucule i-glass.
I-B.increase ireyithi yombala wokudakumba emva kokugqitywa kwe-fick, i-fiber imihlaba yonyuso, i-darsing fiber ngaphezulu kwe-fiber ye-fiber ekhulelweyo, kwangaxeshanye inyuse amandla angaphambi kokugquma.
C.Ukuphucula uzinzo oluzinzileyo lugqibile ukwenza isiphumo soyilo, inokukuphelisa iintambo zentambo, ngakumbi kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni zokudaya kunye nokushicilela iimveliso ezinesiqingatha kunye nesiqingatha sokushicilela. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba emva kokuzibandakanya, uzinzo lwesahluko sokwandiswa kwelaphu siphuculwe kakhulu, ke ukunciphisa kakhulu inqanaba le-shrinkige yelaphu.

I-6. Ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlekisa kwangaphambili (i-ficcher yefayili)

Injongo yokuphucula i-PHE-THE-SHROCKY ikakhulu kukususa ioyile, i-slibry kunye ne-adred ye-adred kwilaphu (ifibre) ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokuhamba, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ezinye ii-oligomers kwi-fiben zingachithwa kubushushu obushushu obuphezulu. Ilaphu elingwevu lifanele libe yindawo yokuqala ngaphambi kwenani le-alkali, kunye neezongezo ezinjengeOlein kunye neSoda yeCaustic kufuneka yongezwe ikakhulu. Ukutshatana kwendwangu yefayili yefilimic yenziwa kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomatshini ophezulu wokudakumba.

I-7.Alkali yokunciphisa ilaphu

(1) Umgaqo kunye nesiphumo sokuncitshiswa kwe-alkali

Unyango lokunciphisa i-Alkali yinkqubo yokunyanga ilaphu le-polyester kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye ne-vale egxile kakhulu. I-Pontuberter fiber i-hydrolyzed kwaye yaphukile nge-Esters Bond ye-Pontusi ye-fiberter kumphezulu wefibres kwi-fiber ye-fiber ye-sodium hydroxide ye-Sodium Hydroxies eqhubekayo kwaye i-terephthane yenziwa. Izixhobo zokuncitshiswa kwe-Alkali ikakhulu zibandakanya umatshini wokudangala wokudaya okuphezulu, umatshini oqhubekayo, ithutyana lokunciphisa oomatshini iintlobo ezintathu, ngaphandle komatshini wokudayala wedayini; Amatshini oqhubekayo kunye nokunciphisa oomatshini banokuphinda basebenzise kwakhona i-gode eseleyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lwemo ebonakalayo kunye nobungakanani bengubo engwevu kwezinye iimveliso zokuncitshiswa kwe-Alkali, kunyanzelekile ukuba wongeze inkqubo emiselweyo, emva koko ufake inkqubo yokudayela.