Inkqubo yokudaya nokugqiba (1)

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokudaya kunye nenkqubo yokugqiba kusekelwe kakhulu kwiindidi, iinkcukacha kunye neemfuno zemveliso egqityiweyo yelaphu, ezinokwahlulwa zibe ziindlela zangaphambi konyango,idayig, ukuprinta, emva kokugqiba njalo njalo.

Ngaphambi konyango

Iifayibha zendalo ziqulathe ukungcola, kwinkqubo yokucubungula ilaphu kwaye zongeza uthuli, ioyile kunye nokungcola okungcolisiweyo, ukubakho kwezi ngcola, akuthinteli nje kuphela inkqubela egudileyo yokudaya kunye nokugqitywa kokucubungula, kodwa kukwachaphazela nokusebenza kokuguguleka kwelaphu.

Injongo yonyango lwangaphambi konyango kukusebenzisa iikhemikhali kunye nezenzo zoomatshini ukususa ukungcola kwilaphu, ukwenza ilaphu libe mhlophe, lithambe, kwaye libe nokungena kakuhle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthathwa, kunye nokubonelela ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo zokudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokugqiba.

Umqhaphu: ukulungiswa kwelaphu eliluhlaza, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukucocwa, ukubiliswa, ukutyhoboza, ukunyibilikisa. I-Polyester: ukulungiswa kwelaphu, ukucocwa (i-alkali engamanzi, njl.njl.), ukuncitshiswa kwangaphambili, ukubhukisha, ukunciphisa ubunzima be-alkali (i-alkali engamanzi, njl.njl.).

Ukucula

Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokungena kumzi-mveliso wokuprinta nokudaya usuka kumzi-mveliso wezambatho, ilaphu elingwevu kufuneka lihlolwe kuqala, lijikwe, lifakwe kwiibhetshi, liprintwe kwaye lithungwe, emva koko litshiswe.

Izizathu:

(1) kwilaphu elingatshiyo kakhulu, ubude balo bahlukile;

(2) iqondo lokugqitywa alilungile, kulula ukungcolisa;

(3) kulandelelwano lwe-zhongyi uboya obudaywe kwaye bugqitywe, buprintwe kwaye budaywe iziphene.

Injongo yokucula:

(1) phucula ukukhazimla kwelaphu; Phucula ukugqitywa kwalo;

(2) ukuphucula ukumelana nokufakwa kwepilisi (ingakumbi ilaphu leefayibha zamakhemikhali);

(3) phucula isitayile, ukutshaya kungenza ilaphu libe luhlaza, libe lukhuni.

Uyilo

Kwinkqubo yokwaluka, i-warp iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokungqubana, okulula ukuphuka. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukwaphuka kwe-warp, kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuluka kunye nomgangatho welaphu elingwevu, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa intambo ye-warp ngaphambi kokuluka. Ifayibha ekwintambo iyanamathela kwaye ibambe kunye, kwaye yenze ifilimu eqinileyo yodaka phezu komphezulu wentambo, okwenza intambo iqine kwaye igude, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla okuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwentambo.

Injongo yokuyila ubungakanani: Emva kokwenza ubungakanani, i-slurry ingena kwiifayibha ize inamathele kancinci kumphezulu we-warp. Ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza kwentambo, i-slurry ingcolisa ulwelo lokudaya nokugqiba ukwenziwa, ithintela ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali phakathi kweefayibha kunye nokudaya kunye nezixhobo zeekhemikhali, kwaye yenza kube nzima ukwenza ukudaya nokugqiba ukwenziwa.

(1) Intshayelelo kwi-slurry esetyenziswa rhoqo

I-slurry yendalo: i-starch, i-seaweed gum, i-gum, njl.

Iimpawu zesitatshi:

① xa i-asidi ibola;

② xa kukho uzinzo lwe-alkali, ukudumba;

③ kwimeko yee-oxidants zinokubola;

④ ngokubola kwe-enzyme yokubola kwesitatshi.

I-Chemical slurry: izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose ezifana ne-hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyester, njl.

Iipropati ze-PVA:

1. Izinzile kwi-asidi nakwisiseko, i-viscosity ayinciphi;

② Ingcoliswa yi-oxidant.;

③ Usetyenziso olubanzi, ukuhambelana okuhle, akukho mpendulo yokuxuba

(2) Iindlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zokususa ubungakanani

1. Ukususa ubungakanani be-alkaline

Enye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zokudaya zasekhaya, kodwa izinga lokususa ubungakanani aliphezulu, kwaye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zingasuswa ngexesha lokususa ubungakanani.

Indlela yokusebenza: Ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide dilute solution, i-starch slurry phantsi kwesenzo se-alkali dumbing (okanye ukudumba) into, ayenzeki i-chemical reaction, ukuze i-slurry esuka kwi-gel iye kwi-sol, inciphise amandla okubopha phakathi kwefayibha kunye ne-slurry, kwaye emva koko kusetyenziswe ukuhlamba kunye namandla oomatshini ukuyisusa. Kwi-PVA kunye ne-polyacrylate slurry, iyakwazi ukunyibilikisa i-sodium hydroxide kwizisombululo ze-dilute.

(isitatshi) ukususa ubungakanani be-enzyme

Iienzyme zikwabizwa ngokuba ziienzyme, iibiocatalysts.

Iimpawu: izinga eliphezulu lokususa ubungakanani, hayi ifayibha yokwenzakala, yesitatshi kuphela, ayinakususa ukungcola.

Iimpawu: a. Ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. b. Ukuchaneka: I-enzyme inokwenza i-reaction enye kuphela okanye i-reaction ethile. c. Umsebenzi uchatshazelwa bubushushu kunye nexabiso le-PH.

Kwi-starch slurry okanye i-starch mixed slurry (umxholo wesitatshi uphezulu), i-amylase ingasetyenziselwa ukususa ubungakanani.

Ukususa ubungakanani be-asidi

Ukusetyenziswa ekhaya akuninzi kangako, kuba ukusetyenziswa kulula ukonakalisa ifayibha, kudibana ngakumbi nezinye iindlela. Indlela enamanyathelo amabini iyasetyenziswa: ukususwa kwe-alkali - ukususwa kwe-asidi. Ukususwa kwe-asidi kunokwenza i-starch hydrolyze, kususwe ityuwa yeminerali njalo njalo, kwaye kulungiswe.。

Ukususwa kwe-oxidation

Iarhente yokuxoxisa: NaBrO2 (i-sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, njl.

Umgaqo: I-oxidizing agent ingenza i-oxidize kwaye yonakalise zonke iintlobo ze-slurry, ubunzima bayo be-molecular kunye ne-viscosity ziyancipha kakhulu, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kuyanda, kwaye i-slurry iyathintelwa ukuba inamathele kwi-fiber, kwaye emva koko i-hydrolyzate isuswa ngokuhlanjwa ngokufanelekileyo.

(1) Ukubilisa

Injongo yokubilisa kukususa ukungcola kwefayibha nokuphucula iipropati zokucubungula ilaphu, ingakumbi ukufuma.

Ukungcola kwendalo: Kwilaphu lomqhaphu elicocekileyo, ikakhulu izinto eziphilayo ezidityanisiweyo okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene noko, kuquka i-oyile wax, i-pectin, iproteni, uthuthu, i-pigment kunye namaqokobhe embewu yomqhaphu.

Ukungcola okwenziweyo: ukungcola okufana neoyile, i-antistatic agent kunye neoyile, umhlwa kunye ne-residual slurry eyongeziweyo ekucutshungulweni kokujikeleza nokuluka.

Ezi zinto zingcolileyo zichaphazela kakhulu ukumanziswa kwelaphu kwaye zithintele ukudaya nokugqitywa kwelaphu, kwaye kufuneka zisuswe kwinkqubo yokuhluza nge-sodium hydroxide njengeyona nto iphambili kunye ne-surfactants njenge-assistant.

(2) Ukucoca nge-bleach

Emva kokubilisa, uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo zendalo nezokwenziwailaphuziyasuswa, kodwa kwilaphu elinombala okhanyayo, kufuneka i-bleach. Oko kukususa umbala, ukuphucula ubumhlophe njengeyona njongo iphambili yokucubungula i-bleach.

Ifayibha yekhemikhali ayinayo i-pigment, emva kokubilisa ibimhlophe kakhulu, kwaye ifayibha yekotoni emva kokuyikhuhla i-pigment isakhona, ubumhlophe abubonakali kakuhle, ngoko ke ukufunxa kubangelwa kakhulu kukungcola kwendalo kwifayibha yekotoni.

(3) I-Bleach

Uhlobo lwe-oxidation: i-sodium hypochlorite, i-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-sodium chlorite, njl.njl., esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-cotton fiber kunye neendwangu ezixutyiweyo.

Incitshisiwe: I-NaHSO3 kunye nomgubo womshuwalense, njl.njl., esetyenziselwa kakhulu amalaphu efayibha yeproteni.

(4) Ukumhlopheza kwe-sodium hypochlorite:

I-sodium hypochlorite bleaching isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amalaphu ekotoni kunye namalaphu axutywe yikotoni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa amalaphu ekotoni axutywe yipolyester. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakusetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa amalaphu eproteni afana nesilika kunye noboya, kuba i-sodium hypochlorite inefuthe elibi kwi-protein fibers, kwaye yenza amalaphu abe tyheli kwaye onakalise. Kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa, ukongeza ekutshatyalalisweni kwee-pigments zendalo, i-cotton fiber ngokwayo inokonakala, ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulawula iimeko zenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, ukuze umgangatho wenkangeleko kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi zifaneleke.

Kulula ukuyenza i-sodium hypochlorite, ixabiso liphantsi, ukusebenza kwe-sodium hypochlorite bleaching kulula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa kuba i-sodium hypochlorite bleaching ayilungi ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo, ngoko ke ithatyathelw’ indawo yi-hydrogen peroxide kancinci kancinci.

(5) I-hydrogen peroxide bleaching H2O2:

I-hydrogen peroxide, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen peroxide, inefomula yemolekyuli i-H2O2. Ukunyibilikisa i-hydrogen peroxide kubizwa ngokuba yi-oxygen bleaching. Uzinzo lwesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide alulunganga kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline. Ngenxa yoko, i-hydrogen peroxide yorhwebo ayinamandla kakhulu.

Ilaphu elifakwe i-hydrogen peroxide limhlophe kakuhle, linombala ococekileyo, kwaye kulula ukulijika libe tyheli xa ligcinwe. Lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyeni ilaphu lekotoni. Ukukhanyeni ioksijini kunokuguquguquka okukhulu kune-chlorine bleaching, kodwa i-hydrogen peroxide iphezulu kunexabiso le-sodium hypochlorite, kwaye ukukhanyeni ioksijini kufuna izixhobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, ixabiso liphezulu kune-chlorine bleaching.

Okwangoku, indlela yokufunxa ngomphunga evulekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifektri zokuprinta nokudaya. Le ndlela inezinga eliphezulu lokuqhubeka, i-automation kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuhamba kwenkqubo ngokulula kwaye ayivelisi ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.

5. I-mercerized (ilaphu lekotoni)

Iilaphu eziphantsi kwemeko ethile yoxinzelelo, ngoncedo lwesoda eyomeleleyo ye-caustic, kwaye zigcine ubungakanani obufunekayo, zinokufumana ukukhanya okuthambileyo, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-mercerization.

(1) Injongo yokuthengiswa kwempahla:

A. Phucula i-gloss yomphezulu kunye nokuvakala kwelaphu, ngenxa yokudumba kwefayibha, ulungelelwaniso lwefayibha lucwangciswe ngakumbi, kwaye ukukhanya kukhanya rhoqo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula i-gloss.
B. Yandisa izinga lombala wokudaya emva kokugqitywa kwe-mercerizing, indawo yefayibha iyancipha, indawo engenasimo iyanda, kwaye iidayi zinokungena kwiifayibha, izinga lombala kunefayibha yekotoni e-mercerized linyuke nge-20%, kwaye ukukhanya kuphucukile, kwangaxeshanye kwandisa amandla okugquma ngaphambili afileyo.
C. Ukuphucula uzinzo olunemilinganiselo, i-mercerizing igqibezele isiphumo soyilo, inokuphelisa imibimbi yentambo, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wokudaya nokuprinta iimveliso ezinesiqingatha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba emva kwe-mercerizing, uzinzo lokuguquguquka kokwandiswa kwelaphu luye lwaphucuka kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuncipha kwelaphu.

6. Ukucocwa, ukuncitshiswa kwangaphambili (ilaphu leefayibha zamakhemikhali)

Injongo yokucoca i-pre-shrinking ngokuyintloko kukususa ioyile, udaka kunye nothuli olufakwe kwilaphu (ifayibha) ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ezinye ii-oligomers kwifayibha zinokunyibilikiswa ekucoceni ngobushushu obuphezulu. Ilaphu elingwevu kufuneka lincitshiswe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ubungakanani be-alkali, kwaye izongezo ezifana ne-olein kunye ne-caustic soda kufuneka zongezwe ikakhulu. Unyango lwangaphambi kwelaphu le-chemical fiber lwenziwa kumatshini wokudaya obushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

7. Ukunciphisa i-alkali (ilaphu leefayibha zamakhemikhali)

(1) Umgaqo kunye nesiphumo sokunciphisa i-alkali

Unyango lokunciphisa i-alkali yinkqubo yokunyanga ilaphu le-polyester kubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-lye evuthayo egxininisiweyo. I-polyester fiber iyanyibilikiswa kwaye yaphulwe yi-ester bond ye-polyester molecular chain kumphezulu we-fiber kwisisombululo samanzi se-sodium hydroxide, kwaye iimveliso ze-hydrolysis ezine-polymerization degrees ezahlukeneyo zenziwa rhoqo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwenziwa i-sodium terephthalate enyibilikayo emanzini kunye ne-ethylene glycol. Izixhobo zokunciphisa i-alkali ziquka ikakhulu umatshini wokudaya i-overflow, umatshini wokunciphisa okuqhubekayo, umatshini wokunciphisa okwethutyana iintlobo ezintathu, ngaphandle komatshini wokudaya i-overflow; Oomatshini bokunciphisa abaqhubekayo nabathe rhoqo banokuphinda basebenzise i-lye eseleyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokubonakala kobume kunye nobukhulu belaphu elingwevu kwiimveliso ezithile zokunciphisa i-alkali, kuyimfuneko ukongeza inkqubo emiselweyo, uze emva koko ungene kwinkqubo yokudaya.