Ulwazi olubanzi lwamalaphu e-textile kunye nokuchongwa kwamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ilaphu lelaphuluqeqesho lobungcali. Njengomthengi wefashoni, nangona kungafuneki ukuba silawule ulwazi lwelaphu njengobuchwephesha njengamagcisa endwangu, kufuneka babe nolwazi oluthile lwamalaphu kwaye bakwazi ukuchonga amalaphu aqhelekileyo, baqonde iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwala malaphu kunye nezitayile ezisebenzayo.

1. Ulwazi lwelaphu oluphambili

(1) Ukubunjwa kwendwangu: Ukuqulunqwa kwendwangu, kubandakanywa izinto eziphathekayo, ukuvakalelwa kwesandla, njl., inquma ukuba iimpawu ezininzi zeendwangu zingumxholo omele uqonde abathengi xa bethenga iimveliso, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu.

(2) Iimpawu zobuhlengikazi: ukhathalelo lwelaphu lubandakanya ukuhlamba, ukugcinwa, njl., nomxholo apho abasebenzisi bokugqibela baya kuxhalaba ngokukodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha abathengi bayayeka ukuthenga imveliso kuba ukhathalelo lunzima kakhulu.

(3) Amalaphu kunye neempahla ezinithiweyo: Ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuluka kunye neendlela zokuluka, amalaphu empahla olulaphu anezi ndidi zimbini zilandelayo:

① Ilaphu: ngamaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu emisonto enye kwenye kwi-Engile yasekunene, umsonto wobude ubizwa ngokuba yi-warp, umsonto onqamlezayo ubuye ubizwe ngokuba yiweft. Ngenxa yokuba umsonto welaphu unqumla omnye komnye ngendlela ethe nkqo, i-county inomlinganiselo oqinileyo, ozinzile, kunye nokunciphisa okuphantsi.

② Into edibeneyo: isakhiwo somsonto senza ikhonkco lenaliti, ikhonkco entsha yenaliti ngendandatho yenaliti yangaphambili, iphinda iphindwe, oko kukuthi, ukubunjwa kwento yokunitha.

(4) Isakhiwo sombutho welaphu: Ezi zilandelayo zizona zintathu izicubu ezisisiseko zelaphu, ezaziwa ngokuba ngumbutho osisiseko. Yonke eminye imibutho iphuma kolu tshintsho luthathu lombutho.

① Umbutho osicaba: i-wap yelaphu elisicaba liyadada kunye ne-weft. Isici sombutho osicaba kukuba impembelelo yembonakalo yamacala omabini welaphu iyafana, kwaye umphezulu usicaba, ngoko ubizwa ngokuba ngumbutho osicaba. Ukuthungwa kwelaphu elicacileyo liqinile, ukungonakali kwayo kukuziva kunzima, ipateni i-monotonous.

② Ithishu ye-Twill: indawo yethishu yethishu ye-twill yipateni yokuthambeka eqhubekayo. Uphawu lwelaphu le-twill lelaphu lelokuba ilaphu linomahluko wangaphambili kunye nombi, eliqinile kwaye lingqindilili kunelaphu elisicaba, elinokukhanya okungcono kunye nokuvakala okuthambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwemeko yobunzima obufanayo kunye nobuninzi be-warp ft, ukuqina kwayo kuncinci kunoko kwelaphu le-flat tissue.

③ Umbutho weSatin: Umbutho weSatin ngowona unzima kakhulu kwiithishu ezintathu zokuqala. Uphawu lwenyama ye-satin yile: umphezulu welaphu ugudile, ugcwele ukukhazimla, ukuthungwa kuthambile, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nelaphu lethishu elisicaba, ilaphu le-twill, kulula ukukhuhlana kwangaphandle kunye neenwele, kunye nomonakalo. Umbutho weenkozo usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zokugqoka ezisemthethweni.

(5) Ubunzima belaphu: -ngokubanzi kunye nobunzima begram ngemitha yesikwere, ibhekisa kubunzima belaphu, kukubonisa ubukhulu besalathiso selaphu. Njengomthengi kufuneka aqonde ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bezinto eziqhelekileyo zentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo (ikakhulukazi iilaphu ezinithiweyo) kunye nobunzima obuqhelekileyo beempahla eziqhelekileyo zasekwindla nasebusika.

2. Ukuhlelwa kweentsinga ze-textile

Ifayibha ye-textile yohlulwe kakhulu kwi-fiber yendalo kunye ne-chemical fiber.

(1) Imicu yendalo: ibhekisa kwimicu yelaphu efunyenwe kwizityalo okanye kwizilwanyana. Iqulethe imicu yezityalo (ikotoni, i-hemp) kunye nemicu yezilwanyana (iinwele, isilika).

(2) Ifayibha yemichiza: yohlulwe ikakhulu kwezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo:

① Ifayibha esetyenzisiweyo: ifayibha eyenziwe ngefiber yendalo. I-Rayon, i-rayon kunye neenwele ze-faux zenziwe yile nkqubo.

② I-Synthetic fiber: i-polyester esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-acrylic, i-nylon, i-polypropylene, i-chlorine fiber yolu didi.

③ Ifayibha ye-Inorganic: ifayibha ye-silicate, ifayibha yesinyithi eyile yolu didi,

3. Ingqiqo eqhelekileyo yamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ezi zilandelayo zizona zinzuzo eziphambili kunye nokungonakali kweempahla ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuchonga.

(1) Umqhaphu:

① Iimpawu eziphambili:

a. Ukufunxa okuqinileyo kokufuma.

b. Ilaphu lomqhaphu alizinzanga kakhulu kwiiasidi ezingaphiliyo.

c. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kukukhanya kwelanga kunye nomoya, ilaphu lomqhaphu lingadlala isiphumo esicothayo se-oxidation, ukunciphisa okunamandla.

d. I-Microorganisms, i-mold kunye nezinye iingubo zekotoni.

② inzuzo enkulu:

A, umphezulu welaphu unokukhanya okuthambileyo kunye nokuvakala okuthambileyo.

5 Njengomthengi kufuneka aqonde ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bezinto eziqhelekileyo zentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo (ikakhulukazi iilaphu ezinithiweyo) kunye nobunzima obuqhelekileyo beempahla eziqhelekileyo zasekwindla nasebusika.

2. Ukuhlelwa kweentsinga ze-textile

Ifayibha ye-textile yohlulwe kakhulu kwi-fiber yendalo kunye ne-chemical fiber.

(1) Imicu yendalo: ibhekisa kwimicu elukiweyo efumaneka kwizityalo okanye kwizilwanyana. Iqulethe imicu yezityalo (ikotoni, i-hemp) kunye nemicu yezilwanyana (iinwele, isilika).

(2) Ifayibha yemichiza: yohlulwe ikakhulu kwezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo:

① Ifayibha esetyenzisiweyo: ifayibha eyenziwe ngefiber yendalo. I-Rayon, i-rayon kunye neenwele ze-faux zenziwe yile nkqubo.

② I-Synthetic fiber: i-polyester esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-acrylic, i-nylon, i-polypropylene, i-chlorine fiber yolu didi.

③ Ifayibha ye-Inorganic: ifayibha ye-silicate, ifayibha yesinyithi eyile yolu didi,

3. Ingqiqo eqhelekileyo yamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ezi zilandelayo zizona zinzuzo eziphambili kunye nokungonakali kweempahla ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuchonga.

(1) Umqhaphu:

① Iimpawu eziphambili:

a. Ukufunxa okuqinileyo kokufuma.

b. Ilaphu lomqhaphu alizinzanga kakhulu kwiiasidi ezingaphiliyo.

c. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kukukhanya kwelanga kunye nomoya, ilaphu lomqhaphu lingadlala isiphumo esicothayo se-oxidation, ukunciphisa okunamandla.

d. I-Microorganisms, i-mold kunye nezinye iingubo zekotoni.

② inzuzo enkulu:

A, umphezulu welaphu unokukhanya okuthambileyo kunye nokuvakala okuthambileyo.

f. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kungasetyenziselwa uku-ayina kobushushu obuphezulu.

⑥ Amalungu adityanisiweyo angundoqo:

a. Umqhaphu we-Scoy: Umphandle welaphu ubengezela uthambile kwaye uqaqambile, umbala oqaqambileyo, ugudileyo kwaye ugudileyo, uvakala uthambile, ubuthathaka. Emva kokutshiza ingubo ngesandla, i-crease ebonakalayo ingabonwa, kwaye i-crease akulula ukunyamalala.

b Zive umtyibilizi, unwebeka okukrwada kunelaphu lomqhaphu elisulungekileyo. Emva kokutshiza ilaphu, i-crease ayibonakali, kwaye kulula ukubuyisela imeko yokuqala.