Ulwazi ngokubanzi ngamalaphu elaphu kunye nokuchongwa kwamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ilaphu lelaphuyinkalo yobungcali. Njengomthengi wefashoni, nangona singadingi ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngelaphu njengobuchwephesha beempahla zelaphu, kufuneka babe nolwazi oluthile ngamalaphu baze bakwazi ukuchonga amalaphu aqhelekileyo, baqonde iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwala malaphu kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo.

1. Ulwazi oluphambili lwelaphu

(1) Ukwakheka kwelaphu: Ukwakheka kwelaphu, kuquka izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ukuchukumisa ngesandla, njl.njl., kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezininzi zelaphu zizinto ekufuneka abathengi baziqonde xa bethenga iimveliso, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu.

(2) Iimpawu zokunakekela: ukunyamekela ilaphu kuquka ukuhlamba, ukugcinwa, njl.njl., nto leyo eya kuba yingxaki enkulu kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ngamanye amaxesha abathengi bayayeka ukuthenga imveliso kuba ukunyamekela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

(3) Amalaphu kunye neempahla ezithungiweyo: Ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuluka kunye neendlela zokuluka, amalaphu empahla anezi ndidi zimbini zilandelayo:

① Ilaphu: ngamaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu eentambo ezidityanisiweyo kwi-Angle yasekunene, intambo ende ibizwa ngokuba yi-warp, intambo enqamlezileyo ibuyela umva nangaphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-weft. Ngenxa yokuba intambo yelaphu idibana ngendlela ethe nkqo, isithili sinezinga eliqinileyo, elizinzileyo, neliphantsi lokuncitshiswa.

② Into ethungiweyo: ulwakhiwo lwendandatho yentambo lwenza indandatho yenaliti, indandatho entsha yenaliti ngendandatho yenaliti yangaphambili, iphindaphindwa njalo, oko kukuthi, ukwakheka kwento ethungiweyo.

(4) Ulwakhiwo lolungiselelo lwelaphu: Ezi zilandelayo zezona zicubu zithathu zisisiseko zelaphu, ezaziwa ngokuba yintlangano esisiseko. Zonke ezinye imibutho zivela kwezi nguqu zintathu zolungiselelo.

① Ulungelelwaniso oluthe tyaba: indlela egobileyo yelaphu lezicubu ezithe tyaba iyadada kwaye ijika ibe yi-weft. Uphawu lolungelelwaniso oluthe tyaba kukuba isiphumo sokubonakala kwamacala omabini elaphu siyafana, kwaye umphezulu uthe tyaba, ngoko ke kuthiwa lulungelelwaniso oluthe tyaba. Ubume belaphu elithe tyaba buqinile, ingxaki yalo kukuba liqine, ipateni ayithandeki.

② I-Twill tissue: i-tissue point ye-twill tissue yipateni eqhubekayo yokuthambeka. Uphawu lwe-twill tissue texture kukuba ilaphu linomahluko phakathi kwe-front kunye ne-negative, eliqinileyo neliqinileyo kunelaphu elithe tyaba, elinokukhanya okungcono kunye nokuthamba. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwemeko yobukhulu kunye noxinano olufanayo lwe-warp ft, ukuqina kwalo kungaphantsi kokwelaphu le-flat tissue.

③ Ulungelelwaniso lweSatin: Ulungelelwaniso lweSatin lolona luyinkimbinkimbi kwiithishu ezintathu zokuqala. Uphawu lwethishu yeSatin luthi: umphezulu welaphu uthambile, ugcwele ukukhazimla, ubume buthambile, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nelaphu lethishu elithe tyaba, ilaphu elijijekileyo, kulula ukukhuhlana ngaphandle kunye neenwele, kwaye kwanokonakala. Ulungelelwaniso lweenkozo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zempahla ezisesikweni.

(5) Ubunzima belaphu: -ngokubanzi xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima begram ngemitha yesikwere, bubhekisa kubunzima belaphu, bubonisa ubukhulu besalathiso selaphu. Njengomthengi kufuneka aqonde ubunzima obuqhelekileyo belaphu eliqhelekileyo lentwasahlobo nehlobo (ikakhulu amalaphu alukayo) kunye nobunzima obuqhelekileyo belaphu eliqhelekileyo lasekwindla nasebusika.

2. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweefayibha zelaphu

Ifayibha yelaphu yahlulwe kakhulu yaba yifayibha yendalo kunye nefayibha yeekhemikhali.

(1) Iifayibha zendalo: zibhekisa kwiifayibha zelaphu ezifumaneka kwizityalo okanye kwizilwanyana. Ziqulethe iifayibha zezityalo (umqhaphu, ihemp) kunye neefayibha zezilwanyana (iinwele, isilika).

(2) Ifayibha yekhemikhali: yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezintathu ezilandelayo:

① Ifayibha ephinda isetyenziswe: ifayibha eyenziwe ngefayibha yeselilulose yendalo. I-Rayon, i-rayon kunye neenwele zobuxoki zenziwa ngale nkqubo.

② Ifayibha yokwenziwa: i-polyester esetyenziswa rhoqo, i-acrylic, i-nylon, i-polypropylene, ifayibha yekhlorine iyinxalenye yolu didi.

③ Ifayibha engaphiliyo: ifayibha yesilika, ifayibha yesinyithi, oko kukuthi, iyinxalenye yolu didi,

3. Ingqiqo eqhelekileyo ngamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ezi zilandelayo ziingenelo kunye neengxaki eziphambili zelaphu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye neendlela zokuchonga.

(1) Umqhaphu:

① iimpawu eziphambili:

a. Ukufunxwa komswakama okunamandla.

b. Ilaphu lekotoni alizinzanga kakhulu kwii-asidi ezingaphiliyo.

c. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide elangeni nakwimo engqongileyo, ilaphu lekotoni linokudlala isiphumo se-oxidation esicothayo, linciphise ngamandla.

d. Iintsholongwane, ukungunda kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwilaphu lekotoni.

② inzuzo enkulu:

A, umphezulu welaphu unokukhanya okuthambileyo kunye nemvakalelo ethambileyo.

(5) Ubunzima begram yelaphu (Ubunzima belaphu): -ngokubanzi xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima begram ngemitha yesikwere, kubhekisa kubunzima bemitha yesikwere yelaphu, kubonisa ubukhulu besalathiso selaphu. Njengomthengi kufuneka aqonde ubunzima obuqhelekileyo beelaphu zemveli zasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni (ikakhulu amalaphu alukayo) kunye nobunzima obuqhelekileyo beelaphu zemveli zasekwindla nasebusika.

2. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweefayibha zelaphu

Ifayibha yelaphu yahlulwe kakhulu yaba yifayibha yendalo kunye nefayibha yeekhemikhali.

(1) Iifayibha zendalo: zibhekisa kwiifayibha zelaphu ezifumaneka kwizityalo okanye kwizilwanyana. Ziqulethe iifayibha zezityalo (umqhaphu, ihemp) kunye neefayibha zezilwanyana (iinwele, isilika).

(2) Ifayibha yekhemikhali: yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezintathu ezilandelayo:

① Ifayibha ephinda isetyenziswe: ifayibha eyenziwe ngefayibha yeselilulose yendalo. I-Rayon, i-rayon kunye neenwele zobuxoki zenziwa ngale nkqubo.

② Ifayibha yokwenziwa: i-polyester esetyenziswa rhoqo, i-acrylic, i-nylon, i-polypropylene, ifayibha yekhlorine iyinxalenye yolu didi.

③ Ifayibha engaphiliyo: ifayibha yesilika, ifayibha yesinyithi, oko kukuthi, iyinxalenye yolu didi,

3. Ingqiqo eqhelekileyo ngamalaphu aqhelekileyo

Ezi zilandelayo ziingenelo kunye neengxaki eziphambili zelaphu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye neendlela zokuchonga.

(1) Umqhaphu:

① iimpawu eziphambili:

a. Ukufunxwa komswakama okunamandla.

b. Ilaphu lekotoni alizinzanga kakhulu kwii-asidi ezingaphiliyo.

c. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide elangeni nakwimo engqongileyo, ilaphu lekotoni linokudlala isiphumo se-oxidation esicothayo, linciphise ngamandla.

d. Iintsholongwane, ukungunda kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwilaphu lekotoni.

② inzuzo enkulu:

A, umphezulu welaphu unokukhanya okuthambileyo kunye nemvakalelo ethambileyo.

f. Imelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ingasetyenziselwa uku-ayina ngobushushu obuphezulu.

⑥ Izinto eziphambili ezixutyiweyo:

a. I-Scoy cotton: umphezulu welaphu uthambile kwaye ukhanya, umbala oqaqambileyo, uthambile kwaye uthambile, uvakalelo oluthambileyo, ukuthamba okungekho mgangathweni. Emva kokucinezela ilaphu ngesandla, ukugoba okucacileyo kunokubonakala, kwaye ukugoba akulula ukunyamalala.

B, ikotoni yepolyester: ukukhazimla kukhazimla kunelaphu lekotoni elicocekileyo, umphezulu welaphu eligudileyo, ucocekile ngaphandle kwentloko yentambo okanye ukungcola. Zive zithambile, zithambile kunelaphu lekotoni elicocekileyo. Emva kokucinezela ilaphu, ukugoba akubonakali, kwaye kulula ukubuyisela imeko yalo yokuqala.