Ukuprinta isikrini kubhekisa ekusebenziseni isikrini njengesiseko sepleyiti, kwaye ngendlela yokwenza iipleyiti ezibonayo ukukhanya, kwenziwe ngepleyiti yokuprinta isikrini yemifanekiso. Ukuprinta isikrini kuqulathe izinto ezintlanu, ipleyiti yesikrini, i-scraper, i-inki, itafile yokuprinta kunye ne-substrate. Ukuprinta isikrini yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokudala ubugcisa.
1. Yintoniukuprinta isikrini
Ukuprinta isikrini yinkqubo yokudlulisela uyilo lwestencil kumphezulu othe tyaba usebenzisa isikrini, i-inki, kunye ne-scraper. Ilaphu kunye nephepha zezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokuprinta isikrini, kodwa kusetyenziswa ii-inki ezikhethekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuprinta ngomthi, ngesinyithi, ngeplastiki kwanangeglasi. Indlela esisiseko ibandakanya ukwenza isikhunta kwisikrini esine-mesh encinci uze ufake i-inki (okanye ipeyinti, kwimeko yobugcisa kunye neepowusta) kuyo ukuze uprinte uyilo kumphezulu ongezantsi.
Le nkqubo ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "screen printing" okanye "screen printing," kwaye nangona inkqubo yokwenyani yokuprinta isoloko ifana kakhulu, indlela eyenziwe ngayo istencil inokwahluka, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zetemplate ziquka:
Seta inkawu okanye i-vinyl ukuze igubungele indawo oyifunayo yesikrini.
Sebenzisa "isithinteli sesikrini" esifana neglu okanye ipeyinti ukupeyinta isikhunta kwigridi.
Yenza istencil usebenzisa i-emulsion yefoto, uze uphuhlise istencil ngendlela efanayo nefoto (ungafunda okungakumbi ngale nto kwisikhokelo senyathelo ngenyathelo).
Uyilo olwenziwe ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuprinta isikrini lunokusebenzisa i-inki enye okanye ezimbalwa kuphela. Kwizinto ezinemibala emininzi, umbala ngamnye kufuneka usetyenziswe kumaleko owahlukileyo kunye netemplate eyahlukileyo esetyenziswa kwi-inki nganye.
2. Kutheni usebenzisa ukuprinta kwesikrini
Esinye sezizathu zokuba iteknoloji yokuprinta isikrini isetyenziswa kakhulu kukuba ivelisa imibala eqaqambileyo nokuba ikwiimpahla ezimnyama. Iinki okanye ipeyinti ikwafumaneka kwiileya ezininzi phezu kwelaphu okanye ephepheni, ngaloo ndlela inika isiqwenga esiprintiweyo ulwaneliseko.
Le teknoloji ikwathandwa kuba ivumela abashicileli ukuba bakopishe ngokulula uyilo amaxesha amaninzi. Ekubeni uyilo lunokukopishwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kusetyenziswa isikhunta esifanayo, luluncedo ekwenzeni iikopi ezininzi zengubo okanye isixhobo esifanayo. Xa isetyenziswa yiprinta enamava kusetyenziswa izixhobo zobungcali, kunokwenzeka ukwenza uyilo lwemibala enzima. Nangona ubunzima benkqubo buthetha ukuba inani lemibala iprinta enokusetyenziswa lilinganiselwe, inobunzima obungaphezulu kunoko kunokufezwa ngokusebenzisa ushicilelo lwedijithali kuphela.
Ukuprinta isikrini yindlela ethandwayo phakathi kwabaculi nabayili ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa imibala ecacileyo kunye nemifanekiso ecacileyo. Ukongeza ku-Andy Warhol, abanye abaculi abaziwayo ngokusebenzisa ukuprinta kwesikrini baquka uRobert Rauschenberg, uBen Shahn, uEduardo Paolozzi, uRichard Hamilton, uRB Kitaj, uHenri Matisse kunye noRichard Estes.
3. Amanyathelo enkqubo yokuprinta isikrini
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuprinta isikrini, kodwa zonke zibandakanya iindlela ezifanayo ezisisiseko. Uhlobo lokuprinta esiza kuxoxa ngalo ngezantsi lusebenzisa i-emulsion ekhethekileyo esabela ekukhanyeni ukwenza ii-stencils ezenziwe ngokwezifiso; Ngenxa yokuba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-stencils ezintsonkothileyo, idla ngokuba lolona hlobo ludumileyo lokuprinta kwezorhwebo.
Inyathelo 1: Uyilo luyenziwa
Okokuqala, umshicileli uthatha uyilo abafuna ukuludala kwimveliso yokugqibela, aze aluprinte kwifilimu ecacileyo ye-acetic acid. Oku kuya kusetyenziselwa ukwenza isikhunta.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Lungisa isikrini
Emva koko, iprinta ikhetha isikrini se-mesh esifanela ubunzima boyilo kunye nobume belaphu eliprintiweyo. Emva koko isikrini sigqunywa nge-photoreactive emulsion eqina xa iphuhliswa phantsi kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Veza iloshini
Iphepha le-acetate elinolu yilo libekwa kwisikrini esigqunywe yi-emulsion kwaye yonke imveliso iboniswa kukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu. Ukukhanya kuyayiqinisa i-emulsion, ngoko ke inxalenye yesikrini egqunywe luyilo ihlala ilulwelo.
Ukuba uyilo lokugqibela luza kuba nemibala emininzi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isikrini esahlukileyo ukufaka umaleko ngamnye weyinki. Ukuze kwenziwe iimveliso ezinemibala emininzi, umshicileli kufuneka asebenzise izakhono zakhe ukuyila itemplate nganye aze ayilungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lokugqibela alunamthungo.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Hlamba i-emulsion ukuze wenze i-stencil
Emva kokubeka isikrini kwindawo ethile ixesha elithile, iindawo ezingagqunywanga kuyilo ziya kuqina. Emva koko hlambulula ngononophelo yonke iloshini engaqinanga. Oku kushiya uphawu olucacileyo loyilo kwisikrini ukuze i-inki idlule.
Emva koko isikrini somiswa kwaye iprinta iya kwenza naluphi na uchukumiso olufunekayo okanye ukulungiswa ukuze uphawu lusondele kuyilo lokuqala kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngoku ungasebenzisa isikhunta.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Into ilungele ukuprintwa
Emva koko isikrini sibekwa kwindawo yokucinezela. Into okanye impahla eza kuprintwa ibekwa ngokuthe tyaba kwipleyiti yokuprinta engaphantsi kwesikrini.
Kukho oomatshini bokuprinta abaninzi abahlukeneyo, abasebenza ngesandla nabazenzekelayo, kodwa uninzi loomatshini bokuprinta bezorhwebo banamhlanje basebenzisa i-rotary disk press ezijikelezisayo, njengoko oku kuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe izikrini ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Ukuprinta imibala, le printa ingasetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala eyahlukeneyo ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Cinezela i-inki kwisikrini ukuya kwinto leyo
Isikrini siyawa ebhodini eprintiweyo. Yongeza i-inki phezulu kwesikrini kwaye usebenzise i-absorbent scraper ukutsala i-inki kulo lonke ubude besikrini. Oku kucinezela i-inki phezu kwendawo evulekileyo yetemplate, ngaloo ndlela kubhalwe uyilo kwimveliso engezantsi.
Ukuba iprinta idala izinto ezininzi, phakamisa isikrini uze ubeke impahla entsha kwipleyiti yokuprinta. Emva koko phinda le nkqubo.
Nje ukuba zonke izinto ziprintiwe kwaye itemplate ifeze injongo yayo, isisombululo esikhethekileyo sokucoca singasetyenziselwa ukususa i-emulsion ukuze isikrini siphinde sisetyenziswe ukwenza itemplate entsha.
Inyathelo lesi-7: Yomisa imveliso, uyijonge uze uyigqibe
Imveliso eprintiweyo emva koko idlula kwisixhobo sokomisa, esiphilisa i-inki kwaye sivelise isiphumo somphezulu esigudileyo, esingabuniyo. Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso yokugqibela idluliselwe kumnini omtsha, iyahlolwa kwaye icocwe kakuhle ukuze kususwe zonke iintsalela.
4. Izixhobo zokuprinta isikrini
Ukuze kubekho iiprinti ezicocekileyo nezicacileyo, iipressi zesikrini kufuneka zibe nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokugqibezela umsebenzi. Apha, siza kuxoxa ngesixhobo ngasinye sokuprinta isikrini, kuquka nendima esiyidlalayo kwinkqubo yokuprinta.
umatshini wokuprinta isikrini |
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuprinta ngesikrini usebenzisa i-mesh mesh kunye ne-squeegee kuphela, uninzi lweeprinta lukhetha ukusebenzisa i-press kuba ivumela ukuba ziprinte izinto ezininzi ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-printing press ibamba isikrini phakathi kweeprinti, okwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi ukutshintsha iphepha okanye impahla eza kuprintwa.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zoomatshini bokuprinta: ngesandla, ezenzekelayo kunye nezenzekelayo. Oomatshini bokuprinta ngesandla basebenza ngesandla, oko kuthetha ukuba banzima kakhulu. Oomatshini bokuprinta abazenzekelayo basebenza ngoomatshini abambalwa, kodwa basafuna igalelo lomntu ukuze batshintshiselane ngezinto ezicinezelweyo, ngelixa oomatshini bokuprinta abazenzekelayo besebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye abafuni igalelo lininzi.
Amashishini afuna inani elikhulu leeprojekthi zokuprinta adla ngokusebenzisa oomatshini bokushicilela abazenzekelayo okanye abazenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kuba banokuprinta ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo nangaphandle kweempazamo ezininzi. Iinkampani ezincinci okanye iinkampani ezisebenzisa ukuprinta kwesikrini njengento yokuzonwabisa zinokufumana oomatshini bokushicilela bedesktop ngesandla (ngamanye amaxesha ababizwa ngokuba zii-"hand") belungele iimfuno zabo.
| inki |
I-inki, i-pigment, okanye ipeyinti ityhalelwa kwiscreen se-mesh ize ingene kwinto eza kuprintwa, idlulisela umbala woyilo lwe-stencil kwimveliso.
Ukukhetha i-inki akupheleli nje ekukhetheni umbala, kukho nezinye iindlela ezininzi. Kukho ii-inki ezininzi zobungcali ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Umzekelo, iiprinta zingasebenzisa ii-inki ezikhanyayo, ii-inki eziguquliweyo, okanye ii-inki ezifumileyo (ezikhula zenze umphezulu ophakanyisiweyo) ukuvelisa inkangeleko eyahlukileyo. Iprinta iya kuqwalasela nohlobo lwelaphu lokuprinta isikrini, njengoko ezinye ii-inki zisebenza ngakumbi kwezinye izinto kunezinye.
Xa kuprintwa impahla, iprinta iza kusebenzisa i-inki ehlanjwa ngomatshini emva kokuba inyangiwe kwaye ilungisiwe. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba izinto ezihlala ixesha elide zingaphelelwa lixesha, ezinokunxitywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
| isikrini |
Isikrini ekuprintweni kwesikrini sisifreyimu sesinyithi okanye somthi esigqunywe ngelaphu elincinci le-mesh. Ngokwesiko, le mesh yayenziwe ngentambo yesilika, kodwa namhlanje, ithathelwe indawo yi-polyester fiber, enika ukusebenza okufanayo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ubukhulu kunye nenani lentambo ye-mesh zinokukhethwa ukuze zilungele umphezulu oza kuprintwa okanye ubunjani belaphu, kwaye isithuba phakathi kwemigca sincinci, ukuze iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu zifumaneke ekuprintweni.
Emva kokuba isikrini sigqunywe nge-emulsion kwaye sivezwe, singasetyenziswa njengetemplate. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokuprinta isikrini igqityiwe, singacocwa kwaye sisetyenziswe kwakhona.
| umkrweli |
I-scraper sisikrweqe serabha esiqhotyoshelwe kwibhodi yomthi, kwisiphatho sesinyithi okanye seplastiki. Sisetyenziselwa ukutyhala i-inki kwiscreen se-mesh nakwindawo eza kuprintwa. Abashicileli badla ngokukhetha isikrweqe esilingana nobukhulu besakhelo sesikrini kuba sibonelela ngokugquma okungcono.
Isixhobo sokukrwela irabha esiqinileyo sifanelekile ngakumbi ekuprinteni uyilo oluntsonkothileyo oluneenkcukacha ezininzi, njengoko siqinisekisa ukuba zonke iikona kunye nezikhewu kwisikhunta zifunxa umaleko weyinki ngokulinganayo. Xa kuprintwa uyilo olungenazo iinkcukacha okanye kuprintwa kwilaphu, kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokukrwela irabha esithambileyo nesinobunzima.
| Isitishi sokucoca |
Izikrini kufuneka zicocwe emva kokusetyenziswa ukuze kususwe zonke iimpawu ze-emulsion, ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe ekuprinteni kamva. Ezinye izindlu ezinkulu zokuprinta zingasebenzisa iivati zolwelo olukhethekileyo lokucoca okanye i-asidi ukususa i-emulsion, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa isinki okanye isinki kunye nepayipi yombane kuphela ukucoca isikrini.
5. Ngaba i-inki yokuprinta isikrini iya kuhlamba?
Ukuba impahla ishicilelwe ngokufanelekileyo yingcali eqeqeshiweyo esebenzisa i-inki ehlanjwayo ephathwa ngobushushu, uyilo alufanele luhlanjwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umbala awupheli, iprinta kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba i-inki imiselwe ngokwezikhokelo zomenzi. Ubushushu obuchanekileyo bokomisa kunye nexesha lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-inki kunye nelaphu elisetyenzisiweyo, ngoko ke imiyalelo kufuneka ilandelwe ukuba iprinta iza kudala into ehlanjwayo ehlala ixesha elide.
6. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokuprinta kwesikrini nokuprinta ngedijithali?
Ukuprinta kwedijithali okulungiselelwe ukunxitywa ngqo (DTG) kusebenzisa iprinta yelaphu ezinikeleyo (efana neprinta yekhompyutha ye-inkjet) ukuhambisa imifanekiso ngqo kwimpahla. Kwahlukile ekuprinteni kwesikrini kuba iprinta yedijithali isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa uyilo ngqo kwilaphu. Ngenxa yokuba akukho stencil, imibala emininzi ingasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye, endaweni yokufaka imibala emininzi kumaleko owahlukileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuprinta uyilo oluntsonkothileyo okanye olunemibala kakhulu.
Ngokungafaniyo nokuprinta kwesikrini, ukuprinta ngedijithali akufuneki kuseta, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuprinta ngedijithali lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu xa kuprintwa iimpahla ezincinci okanye izinto ezizodwa. Kwaye kuba isebenzisa imifanekiso yekhompyutha endaweni yeetemplate, ifanelekile ekwenzeni iifoto okanye uyilo oluneenkcukacha ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umbala uprintwa kusetyenziswa amachaphaza ombala wesitayile se-CMYK endaweni ye-inki enemibala ecocekileyo, ayinakubonelela ngobungakanani bombala obufanayo nokuprinta kwesikrini. Awunakusebenzisa iprinta yedijithali ukwenza iziphumo ezithambileyo.
Umzi-mveliso weempahla waseSiyinghongunamava eminyaka eli-15 kwimpahla, kwaye unamava eminyaka eli-15 kwishishini lokushicilela. Singakunika isikhokelo sobuchwephesha sokuprinta iilogo kwiisampuli zakho/iimpahla zakho ezinkulu, kwaye sicebise iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuprinta ukuze wenze iisampuli zakho/iimpahla ezinkulu zigqibelele ngakumbi. Unakonxibelelana nathingoko nangoko!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-21-2023
